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Get your products BIS certified to ensure compliance with Indian standards and build customer trust. We handle end-to-end certification, testing, and documentation for manufacturers,importers, and exporters.
Our expert guidance and support help you stay compliant and gain a competitive edge in the market — your satisfaction is our commitment
Our team simplifies the application process and provides tailored support to meet your EPR compliance requirements effectively.
Our expert guidance and complete support help you achieve LMPC Certification smoothly, giving your business a competitive edge and long-term credibility.
Our comprehensive support ensures smooth WPC compliance and gives your business a competitive edge while prioritizing your long-term success.
Global Approvals help your products meet international regulatory standards, allowing smooth entry into multiple global markets.
Our expert guidance and end-to-end support help you achieve TEC certification smoothly while gaining a competitive edge in the market.
With 25+ years of experience, we help you meet ARAI compliance smoothly and gain a competitive edge in the automotive market.
Struggling to secure BEE Certification in India? Our specialists make the process easy and help you boost customer trust through verified energy ratings.
ISO Certification guarantees your business meets global standards for quality, safety and efficiency.
Flying without proper registration or clearance can lead to fines, drone seizure, and legal action, making regulatory compliance essential for safe and lawful drone operations.
Our expert guidance ensures your steel imports meet Ministry of Steel and BIS standards, helping you stay compliant and streamline the approval process.
How to apply for BIS Certification in 5 Mins!

Apart from product certification, BIS is responsible for framing Indian Standards, conducting laboratory testing, and ensuring consumer protection.

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How to apply for ISI Certification in 5 Mins!

Some items must be certified before they get released mysteriously made for select goods like cables, switches, cement, gas cylinders, etc.

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CRS Certification- A Complete Guide for Electronic Product Compliance in India

It ensures electronic products conform to Indian Standards (IS).Covers 70+ products including laptops, phones, adapters, TVs, and batteries.

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Hallmarking Certification- Everything You Must Know About Gold and Silver Purity Compliance

Hallmarking Certification is mandatory in India for gold and silver jewellery.The BIS 916 Hallmark confirms 22K gold purity.Silver Hallmarking is compulsory for certain grades like BIS 925.

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FMCS Mark Certification- A Guide for Global Brands Selling in India

FMCS Mark Certification is a BIS-led approval process that enables foreign manufacturers to sell regulated products in the Indian market.

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ECO Mark Certification : Your Complete Guide to Global Eco-Labeling Standards

It helps manufacturers build trust and create a compliance framework. It also markets to eco-conscious consumers.This guide will detail eligibility, provide information on the application procedure, and outline benefits of certification to ISO 14024.

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Finding Laboratory Accreditation Tough? We Make It Simple!

It is governed by NABL under the Quality Council of India (QCI).Accreditation enhances trust among regulators, industries, and global partners.

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World Manufacturer Identity (WMI) Registration

The World Manufacturer Identity (WMI) is a globally recognized code used to identify vehicle manufacturers. WMI registration ensures traceability, compliance, and global brand recognition for automotive makers.

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BIS Scheme X Certification - Process, Documentation and Fees Structure- Updated Guide 2025-2026

Stay ahead of regulatory changes with BIS Scheme X Certification. Now extended to September 1, 2026, under the omnibus technical regulation order 2024. Get complete certification support from Diligence Certification.

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Get your CDSCO registration

Get full assistance for CDSCO registration, medical device import licenses, and cosmetic import licenses with Diligence Certifications. Our expert guidance and comprehensive support ensure your compliance, helping you gain a competitive edge in the market. Your satisfaction is our commitment!

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Drug License

Diligence Certifications is a top-tier name in drug licensing and provides topmost service and knowledge support to all sizes of pharmaceutical companies. Our seasoned team understands the global regulations and has seen several success stories.

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Give Your Products cosmetic license

Having trouble securing Cosmetic License certification in India? Let our ISI certification experts assist you in achieving it and boosting your credibility!

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Give Your Medical device Registration

Get expert guidance on Medical Device Registration in India. Learn CDSCO approval process, documents, fees & compliance for manufacturers and importers.

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Obtain Your CPCB Certification Effortlessly………

Secure your CPCB Certification with ease and align your business with environmental regulations and sustainable practices. Our expert team streamlines the application process, offering tailored guidance to meet your unique EPR compliance requirements.

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Get battery waste Compliance Certification for Your Products

Need assistance in Battery Waste Certification? Our experts guide you through every step to ensure smooth and compliant processing.

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EPR Registration for E-Waste Certification

E-waste has become one of the most serious problems of the modern world, as technology is changing very fast. Discarded electronics items such as smartphones and refrigerators contain very toxic elements hazardous to human health and the environment if not treated properly.

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EPR for Tyre Waste – Tyre Waste Management Guide

Tyre wastage is an increasing global problem. It threatens to engulf the world in a sea of rubber with disastrous consequences for the environment and human health.

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Get Plastic waste Compliance Certification for Your Products

Diligence Certifications help businesses go a long way in environmental compliance matters through their management of plastic waste compliance. It rallies your commitment to reducing environmental impacts, increasing your recycling, driving circular economies and, hence, building credibility with consumers as citizens of a wider world contending against plastic pollution with angels and regulators.

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EPR Registration for USED OIL in India

Having trouble in getting EPR registration for your oil products in India? Let the experts do it for you and give credence to your products!

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Get No Objection Certificate for Your Business

The No-Objection Certificate has special relevance for a business; from needing it while applying for a loan, selling property, or for an application to pursue higher education, there are multiple situations where one has to face the need for an NOC.

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Get Your LMPC Certification!

Get Full Assistance for Model Approval for Indian W&M Instruments and Importer Registration for Weight and Measurement Instruments with Diligence Certifications. We prioritize your success by providing expert guidance and comprehensive support for all your LMPC Certification needs, helping you gain a competitive edge in the market. Your satisfaction is our commitment, and we work tirelessly to ensure it, now and in the future.

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Get Your LMPC Certification for Packaged Commodities

The Diligence Certifications for Packaged Commodities Certification ensures the product conformity with the regulatory requirements. It assesses your product labeling, weight, and quality for compliance with legal requirements and gives transparency and consumer trust. This certification is an instrument of defense against wrong packaging for business and consumers alike and shows your commitment toward fair trading practices and market integrity.

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Get Your LMPC Import License Certification!

Diligence Certifications offers provision of LMPC Import License Certification under Legal Metrology Packaged Commodities rules with respect to process of importation of goods into India for compliance. Our proficiency ensures that your labeling and packaging for products meet the requirements for easy clearance of goods through customs. It certifies approval from the regulators, having legal backing and gaining confidence of consumers and authorities.

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Legal Metrology Certification for Weights and Measures

The legal metrology certification is gaining importance in today’s ever-changing context of business with emphasis on fair trade and consumer protection. There is a fresh perspective on maintaining the true measurement and weighing-related activities on account of the fact that with almost every passing day, market growth and transaction complications are assuming greater magnitude.

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Get Your LMPC Manufacturer Registration

The company is authorized to undertake the LMPC Manufacturer Registration if it manufactures weights and measures within India. This registration under the Legal Metrology Act guarantees fair and correct transaction laws for business and trade activities through LMPC certificate registration. Let us demystify all the information you would require below.

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Get Your WPC Approval!

Get Full Assistance for Non-Network License, Network License, and Equipment Type Approval with Diligence Certifications. We prioritize your success by providing expert guidance and comprehensive support for all your WPC Approval needs, helping you gain a competitive edge in the market. Your satisfaction is our commitment, and we work tirelessly to ensure it, now and in the future.

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Get Your WPC Import License Certification!

The Diligence Certifications grant a fast track to the acquisition of WPC Import License, making the imports of communication devices 100% compliant with WPC Certification. Based on our experience and expertise, we ready you for the licensing processes in such a way that your product conforms with all technical standards and is safely usable within India. The certification would guarantee acceptance by regulators, therefore cultivating such trust with the authorities and end users.

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DPL/NDPL Certification: Ensuring Safety and Compliance for Your Wireless Products

Today-connected world, indeed, keeps the promise of wireless devices. Today manufactured devices include laptops, smartphones, portable WiFi hotspots, WiFi extenders, and smart home appliances. However, with this pressing usage, there is a huge demand for safety and performance requirements.

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Equipment Type Approval (ETA) for Wireless Devices in India

In this hyper-connected age, wireless access points, portable Wi-Fi routers, and other radio frequency (RF) devices are indispensable. When any of these products are manufactured, imported, or sold in India, the knowledge of and acquiring Equipment Type Approval (ETA) becomes imperative; that’s how Diligence Certifications will help you obtain your WPC Certification more conveniently.

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Get Your RoHS Certification!

In today’s world with increasing environmental consciousness, it is vital to dispose of equipment properly after the intended lifetime. Targeting hazardous e-waste is one of the vital roles played by RoHS; elaborately explaining RoHS certification itself, RoHS objectives, substances involved, certification processes, and applicability in curbing environmental contamination.

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Get Your UL Certification

Diligence Certifications provides UL (Underwriters Laboratories) Certification services to ensure your products comply with rigorous safety and performance standards. Our skilled team supports you throughout the certification process, ensuring full adherence to UL requirements. Achieving UL certification with us boosts your product’s credibility, fosters consumer confidence, and highlights your dedication to safety and quality in the market.

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Give Your Products KC Certification

KC Certification is a major mandatory condition for many products that are developed to reach Korea’s genuine profitable consuming market. KC Certification is otherwise known as KC Registration or simply the Korean Certificate, and denotes compliance with Korean safety standards and regulations.

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Give Your Products FCC Certification

Struggling with FCC certification in India? Our expert team at Diligence Certifications can help you navigate the process effortlessly, ensuring your electronic devices meet all compliance standards. Boost your credibility and market access with FCC certification today!

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Give Your Products CE Certification

Among these is the CE Marking, which is especially pertinent to manufacturers who are considering selling their products in the European Economic Area (EEA).

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SAFTA Certificate: A Complete Compliance Guide for Indian Exporters

The SAFTA certificate online enables reduced customs duties under the SAARC trade agreement.Businesses can apply for a SAFTA certificate digitally through authorised agencies in India.This document is vital for proving origin and unlocking tariff benefits.

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MSDS Certificate for Hazardous Chemicals and Hazardous Products

You can apply online for your MSDS Certificate in India through many trusted compliance and safety services.This documentation allows the company to maintain regulatory safety and hazard management which also protects the world you operate in.

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SASO Certificate Of Conformity For Export to Saudi Arabia

SALEEM / SABER system is the online conformity platform linking exporters, certification bodies, and customs.Two stages: Product CoC (PCoC, valid one year) and Shipment CoC (SCoC, per consignment).

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Get UKCA Certification in India | Expert UKCA Marking Guide

It replaces the CE marking post-Brexit and is mandatory for most regulated products.Indian manufacturers exporting to the UK need UKCA marking to stay compliant.

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Get Your TEC Approval!

Get Full Assistance for TEC Type Approval, TEC Interface Approval, TEC Certification Approval and TEC Approval of Technology with Diligence Certifications. We prioritize your success by providing expert guidance and comprehensive support for all your TEC Approval needs, helping you gain a competitive edge in the telecommunications market. Your satisfaction is our commitment, and we are dedicated to ensuring it now and in the future.

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Get ARAI Vehicle Certification!

Get full assistance for ARAI Vehicle Certification for vehicles, engines, and components with Diligence Certifications. With over 25 years of experience, we prioritize your success in gaining a competitive edge in the automotive market. Trust our expert guidance for all your ARAI certification needs.

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Give Your Products BEE Star Rating Certification

Having trouble securing BEE Star Rating Certification in India? Let our ISI certification experts assist you in achieving it and boosting your credibility!

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Get ISO Certification for Your Business – Ensure Quality and Global Compliance

It is critical to understand how to get ISO Certification for audit and compliance purposes.Read on to learn step-by-step how to get ISO certified in India with expert assistance.

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Get ISO Certification for Your Business – Ensure Quality and Global Compliance

It is critical to understand how to get ISO Certification for audit and compliance purposes.Read on to learn step-by-step how to get ISO certified in India with expert assistance.

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Get ISO Certification for Your Business – Ensure Quality and Global Compliance

It is critical to understand how to get ISO Certification for audit and compliance purposes.Read on to learn step-by-step how to get ISO certified in India with expert assistance.

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Get ISO Certification for Your Business – Ensure Quality and Global Compliance

It is critical to understand how to get ISO Certification for audit and compliance purposes.Read on to learn step-by-step how to get ISO certified in India with expert assistance.

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Get ISO Certification for Your Business – Ensure Quality and Global Compliance

It is critical to understand how to get ISO Certification for audit and compliance purposes.Read on to learn step-by-step how to get ISO certified in India with expert assistance.

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Get ISO Certification for Your Business – Ensure Quality and Global Compliance

It is critical to understand how to get ISO Certification for audit and compliance purposes.Read on to learn step-by-step how to get ISO certified in India with expert assistance.

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End-to-end certification and regulatory compliance for Indian and global markets.

Register your business with ease and stay compliant with Indian regulations. We take care of end-to-end documentation, approvals, and legal formalities for startups, MSMEs, and enterprises.
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One-Person Company: Your Business, Your Control, with Limited Liability Protection!

Diligence Certifications streamlines the One-Person Company (OPC Registration in India) registration process, ensuring compliance with all.

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Give Your Products FIRM Registration.

Starting a business is an exciting venture, and choosing the right legal structure is a crucial first step. For many entrepreneurs, a partnership firm offers a flexible and collaborative way to operate.

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Startup India Registration.

Unlock the exclusive benefits and enhance the startup with Startup India Registration – along with that Diligence Certifications can help you with the whole process and ensure that every requirement is fulfilled for a successful Startup India Registration in India.

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Get your Organization NGO registration.

Are you really into making a difference or starting your own Non-Governmental Organization (NGO Registration) in India? We will also mention how Diligence Certifications can assist you in such cases.

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PESO License: Safety and Excellence in Material.

The PESO License framework establishes mandatory approval processes for products relevant to the oil and gas sector, particularly those involved in gas handling or intended for use in corrosive environments prevalent in the industry.

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Empower Your Indian Subsidiary Company Registration.

Our expert team provides comprehensive guidance through each step, from documentation to application submission. With our assistance, you can establish your subsidiary efficiently, gain legal recognition, and leverage opportunities for growth in the Indian market.

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Producer Company Registration: Empowering Farmers Through Collective Strength.

The Producer Company Registration offers this sort of power to farmers to organize and run businesses for their mutual benefit collectively.How Diligence Certifications can facilitate the process with credibility for a Farmer Producer Company (FPC).

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Empowering Independent Business with Seamless Sole Proprietorship Registration.

It offers a straightforward setup and direct control, making it the most popular and straightforward business structure in India.

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Ensure Your Shop and Establishment Registration.

Setting up a new enterprise should be exciting, even though there are deterrents in legal implications. That is a journey almost every business-making entity undertakes, from the littlest to the largest-the Shop and Establishment Registration.

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Ensure your MSME registration.

Our expert team provides comprehensive support throughout the registration process, from documentation to application submission. With our assistance, you can access government benefits, secure funding opportunities, and enhance your business credibility in the competitive market.

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Give Your Products FSSAI Mark Certification.

FSSAI mark certification is an important regulatory mechanism that guarantees strict adherence to food safety and quality standards by all food products manufactured, imported, and sold in India.

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PSARA (Private Security Agencies Regulation Act) License.

No longer complicated definitions for you; just straight, simple, useful information that will get your business going.

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Hindu Marriage Act 2025: Marriage Laws, Rights & Legal Procedures

  • The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 establishes and codifies laws regulating aspects of marriage, divorce, and marital rights in Hindu marriages, making a difference to legal clarity and uniformity across the country.
  • Section 5 of the Act provides the essential conditions for the validity of marriage, such as, monogamy, minimum age, mental capacity, and prohibited relationships.
  • Section 7 provides that customary ceremonies (e.g. Saptapadi) can be performed for traditional marriage ceremonies, which the law will recognize as legally valid under the Act.
  • Section 9 confers the right for spouses to seek restitution of conjugal rights, if one spouse abandons the other, without just cause, which promotes reconciliation.
  • Section 13 of the Act provides the grounds for divorce which include adultery, cruelty, desertion, conversion, mental disorder, venereal disease, and renunciation.
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Introduction

What is the Hindu Marriage Act 1955?

Marriage Registration

Why Choose Diligence Certificaions?

Introduction

Ramesh and Sunita, who reside in Pune, were married after a long courtship and with Hindu rites. Conflicts emerged after five years of marriage resulting from their mutual incompatibility. Such a time is tough and challenging for the couple, but the law claimed to assist. After an emotionally draining time, they consulted a lawyer to ascertain their rights under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. Their experience shows how the Act is relevant; it protects individual rights, clarifies the steps to proceed, and provides a framework for resolving disputes amongst Hindus who are married.

Since it came into force in 1955, the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 is one of the most crucial reforms of social and personal law in India that governs the marriage, divorce, and civil rights of Hindus in the country. The Act is revolutionary in that it transformed traditional marriage customs surrounding Hindu marriage into a legal statute that has legal protections and provides uniformity across the country. It can be useful for anyone interested in Hindu matrimonial law to assess the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 through the lens of modern India.

What is the Hindu Marriage Act 1955?

The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 is a unified law enacted by the Indian Parliament to regulate Hindu marriages, divorce, and all associated matrimonial issues. It encompasses Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs under a uniform Act applicable to these religions. The Act represents a significant shift from various customary laws and practices by providing uniformity to Hindu matrimonial laws and practices across communities and regions of the country. 

The main objectives of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 are:

  • To consolidate the law of Hindu marriage and customs within a single statute. 
  • To ensure gender equality and women’s rights.
  • To establish legal remedies for marital disputes, court matters and marriage breakdown.
  • To validate conditions for Hindu marriage, including ceremonies and other arrangements.
  • To clarify grounds for divorce and judicial separation.

Section 5: Essential Conditions for Hindu Marriage

Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act, (1955) sets out the essential requirements necessary for a Hindu marriage to be valid.  All these provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act, (1955) provide credible assurance that the marriage will become a legally valid and socially acceptable marriage. 

Essential Conditions Under Section 5:    

  1. Monogamous Restriction: Where neither party to the marriage has a spouse who is alive at the time of the marriage to determine monogamy. 
  2. Age Restriction: The male must be at least 21 years, and the woman must be at least 18 years old.
  3. Mental Capacity: The issue of consent must be valid, and the party to the marriage must be able to understand the significance of the marriage. 
  4. Relationships that are Prohibited: Prohibited relationships will often mean marriages between relatives, if the custom does not permit it. 
  5. Sapinda Relationship: The parties must not be within degrees of permitted relationship.  

These essential conditions set out in Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act, (1955) serve as the foundation of valid Hindu marriages in India.

Section 7: Ceremonies and Solemnization

Section 7 of Hindu Marriage Act 1955 deals with the formal features of Hindu marriage with regard to customary practices without purging them of their legal effect. Section 7 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 recognizes that marriages may be solemnized according to the customary rites and ceremonies of the marriage parties.

Key features of Section 7

  • Recognition of customary marriage ceremonies in Hindu marriages
  • Acceptance of customs from different regions and different communities
  • Certificates legalizing marriage ceremonies held according to a Hindu practice
  • Combing religious ceremonial and a legal ceremony
  • Only the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 7 is the section that will formalize a matrimonial union and in doing so honor cultural traditions.

Section 9: Restitution of Conjugal Rights

  • Section 9 of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 provides a separate remedy for spouses who are deprived of their cohabitation or conjugal rights and this is intended to promote the continuation of the marriage with the potential of reconciliation. 
  • To analyze the significance of section 9: it states that either spouse can file an application in the Court for an order restoring conjugal rights if the other spouse has withdrawn from cohabitation without reasonable cause. The Court may then decide to make an order of restitution of conjugal rights.
  • Ultimately, section 9 is designed to effect the reconciliation between married parties. The purpose is to induce a situation for married couples to temporarily defer their divorce application.

Section 13: Grounds for Divorce Under Hindu Marriage Act 1955

Subsection 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 enumerates the specific grounds upon which either spouse can seek divorce. This section of the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 outlines all the circumstances justifying a divorce.

Grounds for Divorce

  1. Adultery: Sexual intercourse voluntarily taken outside of wedlock
  2. Cruelty: Physical or mental cruelty that has implication in the safety and welfare of the spouse
  3. Desertion: Desertion for two or more years
  4. Conversion: Either spouse has converted to a different religion
  5. Mental Disorder: Either spouse suffers from a mental illness or disorder, that is not going to get better
  6. Venereal Disease: Either spouse has a communicable venereal disease
  7. Renunciation: Both spouses have renounced the world and entered an order or organization, with an intent to lose all worldly relationships.

Section 12: Voidable Marriages

Section 12 of the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 contains the laws surrounding voidable marriages at the election of either party. A voidable marriage will remain valid until a court of competent jurisdiction chooses to invalidate it. 

Grounds for Voidable Marriages:

  • Non-consummation due to impotency
  • Without consent
  • Pregnant by another at the time of marriage (if concealed)

Marriage Registration Under Hindu Marriage Act 1955

The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 mandates that Hindu marriages be registered in several states. Registration under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 acts as legal recognition of the marriage and helps streamline a number of legal and administrative actions. 

Advantages:

  • Legal documentation of the marriage
  • Easier processing of visas and passports
  • Title to property and inheritance claims
  • Social security and other insurance benefits

Judicial Separation vs Divorce

The Hindu Marriage Act 1955 differentiates between judicial separation and divorce to offer couples different legal pathways contingent on their circumstances. 

  • Judicial Separation Under the Hindu Marriage Act 1955
  • provides a way for spouses to continue to live apart but remain married legally
  • allows time for both spouses to reconcile
  • can be converted into a divorce after one year
  • protects the rights of both spouses during the period of separation

Rights and Responsibilities Under Hindu Marriage Act 1955

The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, provides a range of rights and duties to the participants in the marriage which ensures equitable treatment and protection of their interests.

  • Rights of women under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955: 
  • Right to maintenance and alimony
  • Rights of property and inheritance
  • Protection from cruelty and harassment
  • Equal rights to petition for divorce and judicial separation.

Recent Amendments and Developments

The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 has been amended on multiple occasions to cater to contemporary social needs and judicial approaches. Recent updates in Hindu Marriage Act jurisprudence include:

  • Recognition of irretrievable breakdown of marriage as a ground for divorce (proposed)
  • More robust protection for women in matrimonial proceedings
  • A more straightforward process for registration of marriages
  • Alternative dispute resolution possibilities

How the Hindu Marriage Act Works in Practice

Understanding and appreciation of the practical applications of Hindu Marriage Act 1955 enables one to navigate issues of matrimonial law. Indian courts are regularly involved in applying the provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 in matrimonial disputes. 

  • Examples to consider:
  • Validation of an inter-caste marriage under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
  • Divorce proceedings on a basis of cruelty and desertion
  • Restitution of conjugal rights disputes
  • Division of property in matrimonial disputes
  • This also extends to custody and maintenance of children.

Relationship with Other Laws

The Hindu Marriage Act 1955 operates alongside other personal laws and statutes, establishing a coherent legal structure for Hindu families.

  • Related Legislation
  • Hindu Succession Act, 1956
  • Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956
  • Domestic Violence Act, 2005
  • Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Conclusion

The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 remains an essential component of marriage law in India, providing a much needed stabilization of traditional values with modern legal issues. The many provisions of the Act that define the conditions of marriage, ceremonies of marriage, and grounds for divorce and rights of spouses during and post marriage position the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 as an important legal regulation for Hindu families. 

The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 enables individuals to comprehend marriage, divorce and related matters and equips one to make informed choices, whilst safeguarding one’s own rights and interests. The provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, whether it be a marriage registration, divorce action, or matrimonial matter, offer some resolutions and explanations. As society transforms, so will this important legal landmark through the mechanisms of judicial interpretation and legislative amendments, and it remains relevant to the constantly evolving reality of contemporary Indian legal life. 

Why Choose Diligence Certifications?

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Frequently Asked Questions

It codifies Hindu marriages, divorce, and related rights for enabling their legal recognition under one code and ensuring uniformity.

There are requirements for monogamy, age, mental capacity, and lack of prohibited relationship.

It gives legal recognition to marriages solemnized according to the customary rites of Hindus, which include the Saptapadi.

A deserted spouse is allowed by the court to issue a summons to the other to resume voluntary marital cohabitation.

Adultery, cruelty, desertion, conversion, mental disorder, venereal disease, and renunciation.

Yes, annulments are possible if the marriage has been entered into before the age of 18 for the bride and the age of 21 for the groom under Section 12.

No, it applies only to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs.

The courts would exhort him to comply voluntarily while he cannot be physically forced to cohabit.

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