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Marriage Registration in India: Complete Guide for 2025

  • Marriage Registration is the legal process that grants a Marriage Certificate, vital for rights like passports, property, and visas.
  • Governed by two statutes: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (for Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Buddhists) and Special Marriage Act, 1954 (secular, inter-religious) 
  • Procedure is available both online (state portals, saves time) and offline (visit sub-registrar, witnesses required) 
  • Uttar Pradesh has recently tightened rules: now mandates video proof, priest affidavit, and residency proof due to fraud concerns 
  • A registered marriage ensures legal security, simpler claim processes, and recognition for separation, insurance, property, etc. 
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Introduction

There was a major wedding celebration in Delhi, as is customary when Neha and Arjun tied the knot. Three months later when Neha tried applying for a dependent visa to travel with Arjun to Canada, the embassy refused to process her file. Why? Because they didn’t have a Marriage Certificate.

This is a common story. Weddings as a celebratory practice in India can happen in a great deal of different customs, rituals, or even court solemnization – but unless it is recorded, it’s not a valid marriage. This is why marriage registration is mandatory. 

This will take you through how to register a marriage in India and the key features of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 vs. the Special Marriage Act, 1954 versus a registration done online or offline, and the basic documents you’ll need, as well as some FAQ’s taken from real stories.

What is Marriage Registration?

Marriage Registration is the act of documenting a marriage to an appropriate government authority. After registry, the couple is issued a Marriage Certificate which is a statement of law and serves as legal evidence of the relationship between the couple.

Marriage Registration is compulsory under the directives of the Supreme Court (2006) for the purposes of protecting the rights of each spouse in relation to issues like inheritance claims, divorce matters, custody issues, and financial claims.

Significance of a Marriage Certificate

A Marriage Certificate is more than a legal document—it is the key to many aspects of daily life.

Uses include:

  • Applying for a passport or visa.
  • Opening a joint bank account.
  • Claiming insurance money or pension benefits.
  • Buying or selling joint property.
  • Submitting proof in divorce or custody cases.
  • Helping women update their surname in government records.

Without it, couples often face unnecessary legal complications.

Two Types of Marriage Registration in India

Marriage laws in India recognise the country’s diversity. Accordingly, there are two ways to register a marriage:

  1. Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 – For Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, and Sikhs (and those converted to these religions).
  2. Special Marriage Act, 1954 – For inter-religion, civil, or secular marriages

Offline Marriage Registration

Many couples continue to prefer offline marriage registration at the Sub-Registrar’s office. Depending on whether you are registering under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 or Special Marriage Act, 1954, the process may differ.

Marriage Registration Under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

The Act will only apply when at least both spouses are Hindus, Jains, Sikhs or Buddhists, and converts to those religions may be included.  

  1. Solomnisation of Marriage – The marriage must be performed in accordance with Hindu customs e.g. saptapadi (seven steps around sacred fire).  
  2. Application – Apply at the Registrar of Marriages or Tehsildar’s office, office where the marriage was performed or where either party has lived for 6 or more months.   
  3. Timeline – Apply within 30 days of marriage.  
  4. Form & Documents – Application to be made along with the required documents (see the list below).  
  5. Witnesses – At least 3 witnesses sign the register. 
  6. Verification & Certificate – The Registrar checks the particulars and issues the marriage certificate.

Documents Required

  • Two passport size photographs of the ceremony
  • Remaining wedding invitation card
  • Identity proof (Aadhaar, PAN, Passport)
  • Proof of address
  • Proof of date of birth (input date if the student’s birth certificate is not available, ex., “school certificate,” “other”)
  • Self-declaration affidavit (notarised)
  • Presence of parents/guardians
  • Signatures of 3 witnesses

Mandatory Legal Requirements Under Section 5 & 7

The Hindu Marriage Act outlines conditions for a marriage to have legal validity. Such conditions protect the sanctity of the institution of marriage and illegal misuse of it. A valid marriage must adhere to the following conditions: 

  • Monogamous: Neither party should have a living spouse at the time of the marriage. 
  • Sound Mind: Both parties must be able to provide informed and valid consent. A party can not be of sound mind, or be unable to procreate, due to serious mental disorder.  At the time of the marriage neither person can be of unsound mind. 
  • Minimum Age Requirements of the Bride and Groom: The bride must be at least 18 years of age and the groom must be at least 21 years of age at the time of the marriage. 
  • Prohibited Relationship: The parties should not fall within the degrees of prohibited relationship unless the custom of their community permits this relationship. 
  • Sapinda Relationship: The act prohibits marriages between sapindas ( defined in the act as close blood relations) unless allowed by custom in a community. 
  • Epilepsy and Insanity Clause: Historically, the act disallowed marriages where one party suffers from recurring attacks caused by epilepsy or insanity. ( although epilepsy was removed from the list of disqualifications through the process of law, insanity continues to be a restriction).

When these conditions are fulfilled, and rituals like saptapadi are completed, the marriage is considered legally valid under the Hindu Marriage Act.

Degree of Prohibited Relationship

Indian marriage laws have explicit and specific restrictions on who can legally marry whom. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and the Special Marriage Act, 1954 prohibit certain close relations from marrying: 

Two individuals are said to be within the degree of prohibited relationship:

  • If one person is a lineal descendant of the other (for instance, father-daughter, grandfather-granddaughter). 
  • If one person has been a spouse of the lineal ascendant or descendant of the other (for instance, if a son were to marry his stepmother).
  • One person has been the spouse of the other’s uncle, aunt, grandfather’s brother, or grandmother’s brother.
  • Both individuals are siblings (full or half), uncle-niece, aunt-nephew, or cousins falling under the prohibited category—such as children of two brothers, two sisters, or a brother and a sister.

If parties falling within these categories marry, the marriage is considered void in law

Marriage Registration Under the Special Marriage Act, 1954

This Act is secular—open to all, regardless of religion. It is widely used in interfaith or civil marriages.

Procedure

  1. Notice of Intended Marriage – One party gives written notice to the Marriage Officer of the district where they’ve resided for 30+ days.
  2. Publication of Notice – Notice displayed at Registrar’s office and sent to the other party’s jurisdiction.
  3. Objection Period – 30 days for public to raise objections. Marriage Officer investigates any objection.
  4. Solemnisation – If no valid objection, marriage is solemnised at Registrar’s office before 3 witnesses.
  5. Certificate Issued – Once documents are verified, the Registrar issues the Marriage Certificate.

Documents Required

  • Proof of age (birth/school certificate, passport)
  • Proof of residence
  • Affidavits of marital status and mental condition
  • Passport-size photos of both parties
  • Three witnesses with ID proof
  • Statement confirming parties are not within prohibited degree

Conditions Under Section 4 of SMA

  • No living spouse at time of marriage
  • Both parties mentally fit, capable of consent
  • Bride 18+ years, groom 21+ years
  • Parties not within prohibited degree unless custom allows
  • Unlike the Hindu Marriage Act, no religious rituals are needed—the marriage is complete upon signing before the Marriage Officer.

Online Marriage Registration

With digital governance, many states now offer Online Marriage Registration. This saves time and avoids repeated visits to government offices.

Steps for Online Registration

  1. Visit your state’s official portal .
  2. Select Marriage Registration service.
  3. Fill in spouse and witness details.
  4. Upload required documents (age proof, address proof, photos).
  5. Pay registration fee online.
  6. Receive appointment confirmation.
  7. Attend the Registrar’s office with witnesses for final verification.
  8. Obtain Marriage Certificate (physical or downloadable).

The Hidden Risk Every Couple Overlooks

Think of a Marriage Certificate like a property registry. Owning a flat without registry papers leaves you vulnerable in court. Similarly, celebrating a wedding without registration leaves the couple unprotected legally.

One of my clients, Priya, struggled to claim her late husband’s pension because they never registered their marriage. Only after going through delayed legal proceedings under the Hindu Marriage Act did she finally receive recognition.

Why Choose Diligence Certifications for Marriage Registration?

A lot of couples have trouble with Marriage Registration due to confusion about paperwork, delays at the Registrar’s office, or errors made in the affidavits. Diligence Certifications is here to help you as a trusted partner.

  • End-to-End Guidance – Whether you’re filling out forms under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, or the Special Marriage Act, 1954, and planning how witnesses will be arranged, our experts cut out the stress and hassle of the entire process.
  • Error-Free Documentation – Sometimes a small error can cause rejection. Names or dates spelled wrong, a different address proof or other errors you’ve missed or didn’t notice. The legal team at Diligence Certifications uses Pre-verifiable documents so you are not delayed through the marriage certificate issuance process.
  • Pan-India Capability – Whether you’re applying for Online Marriage Registration in Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, or Offline Marriage Registration in smaller districts, we have reputable local associates for your convenience.
  • Quick Turnaround – On average, we help clients secure their Marriage Certificate within the shortest possible legal timeframe.
  • Trusted by Families & NRIs – Many NRIs have relied on us when registering marriages for visa and immigration purposes.

One couple in Hyderabad faced repeated rejections due to a witness mismatch. With Diligence Certifications’ help, they re-applied correctly under the Special Marriage Act, 1954 and received their certificate in just 3 weeks—saving them from visa rejection.

Choosing Diligence Certifications means peace of mind, legal accuracy, and faster results.

Conclusion

A wedding may be a personal event, but Marriage Registration is what gives it legal value. Under the Hindu Marriage Act,1555 or the Special Marriage Act, 1954, in-person or online, when you register your marriage you are protecting your bond. 

Your Marriage Certificate protects your rights when getting a passport, property, visa, or inheritance. Don’t wait, do your Marriage Registration YOU will be protecting your love and your future.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, the supreme court dictated in 2006 that whether a marriage is registered under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, or Special Marriage Act, 1954, registration is necessary.

If both of your are Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, or Jain, then the Hindu Marriage Act governs. If it is inter-religion or secular, then the Special Marriage Act applies.

No. You might be able to apply online, however it is necessary for the couple and witnesses to appear in front of the registrar physically for verification.

  • Hindu Marriage Act: Usually 15-30 days. 
  • Special Marriage Act: ~60 days (involves a 30 day notice period).

Proof of age, address proof, identity proof, wedding photos/invitation, affidavits, and    witness ID.

Any adult with valid ID.

  • Hindu Act: 2–3 witnesses. 

Special Marriage Act: 3 witnesses mandatory.

 Yes. If either spouse has resided in India for 30+ days, you can register under Special Marriage Act.

Yes. If a recognised community custom permits, such marriages are valid despite legal restrictions.

You can appeal to higher authorities or courts. Usually, refusal happens due to incomplete documents.

 Broadly yes, but minor differences exist. For example, Maharashtra has eMarriage 2.0, while UP requires video proof.

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